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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

OTIS W. STANFORD, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

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Specication of Letters Patent No. 28,696, dated June 12, 1860.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, OTIS W. STANFORD, of Cincinnati, Hamilton county, Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvement-s in Churns; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which- In the accompanying drawings Figure l, is a sectional perspective view. Fig. 2, is an axial section through the dasher.

A is a common upright churn tub Whose lid B has an extended tubular boss b to guide in a vertical path the dasher rod C.

D represents a spherical or spheroidal wooden dasher journaled loosely to the lower end of the rod C, and secured thereon by a screw and washer E, F, or their equivalents. The body of the dasher is of smaller diameter than the inside of the tub and has spiral wings d whose peripheries nearly touch the sides of the tub. Balls G coninecl as represented greatly lessen the friction of the dasher in revolving.

Operation: The rod C being reciprocated, as in the common churn, the inertia of the fluid acts to swiftly rotate the dasher in successively opposite directions and this reacting upon the liquid imparts to the latter a quick succession of opposite vertical move ments resulting in violent agitation. The

dasher is assisted in its return `movements by the confined bodies of air in front of it,

its buoyancy facilitating its upward stroke. 1

At each descent of the dasher the cream is forced upward between the spiral wings and the sides of churn producing compression and friction) and ollowing the spherical or spheroidal form of the dasher incloses a body of air which is drawn downward into the cream.

I do not claim a churn having a dasher rotating in a frame nor any with abrupt ends, such being opposed to the principle upon which my churn is intended to operate. Neither do I claim any dasher whose wings are not made as far as practicable to fit the sides of the tub. The dasher is so constructed as to cause an intimate commingling of air with the cream and to act upon the latter by pressure and friction without subjecting it to concussion against abrupt surfaces.

I claim as new and of my invention here- 1n- The described combination with a vertical circular tub A of the reciprocating rod C spherical or spheroidal dasher D and spiral wings d, fitting the interior of the tub; the said parts being constructed and arranged in the manner and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony of which invention, I hereunto set my hand.

O. W. STANFORD. Witnesses:

GEO. H. KNIGHT, FRANCIS MrLLwARD. 

